Vaccinations and Prophylaxis

The vaccines are the most effective means for the prevention of the infections because they put our body natural defenses in a state of reaction against the agent that causes the illness. 

The vaccines can be obligatory internationally, strongly recommended or simply advised in relation with the chosen trip period, the visit area, the stay duration, etc. 

To go into this section that we believe it is of great importance to provide a correct information to the readers, we will mention, the biggest illnesses that can unchain an epidemic. 

 

Infectious and contagious keen intestinal illness caused by the Choleric Vibrion. Endemic in Asia, it has been spread in the last years to the other continents as Africa and Center-South of America where continues showing with epidemic focuses. 

The deposit of the illness is only represented by the sick individual or porter and the Vibrion, eliminated with the fecal grounds, contaminating water and foods, spreading the malaria. 

Vaccine - There's a vaccine that is given in inner-muscular way with two doses to intervals of one month. The protection undertakes six days after the second vaccination and it lasts from three to six months with 50% effectiveness in the first two months and then falls quickly. 

Notes - This vaccine is not obligatory internationally (to exception of two countries: Lesotho and Pitcairn for the people coming from infected areas). 

Indeed, the risk of contracting the Cholera for the average tourist is scarce, especially following the correct hygienic and alimentary norms conscientiously. 

We dissuade this vaccination. 

 

Gastric-abdominal viral illness of orofecal and direct contact transmission that, in the high endemic or in the epidemic areas, it can represent a danger for the tourist if the correct hygienic and alimentary norms are not observed. 

Vaccine - In our country (Italy) at the moment a vaccine hasn't been marketed, but a temporal immunity can be obtained using the immune-globules that contain antibodies for the Hepatitis A. 

The dose to inject in inner-muscular way it is of 2cc. if the stay is of three months or less; if it is for more than three months the dose will be of 5cc., the protection begins few days after the injection with good effectiveness. 

Notes - we recommend this to the travelers that go to rural tropical areas and with scarce hygienic conditions. 

 

Contagious viral illness transmitted through blood or derived transfusions, using material and instrumental infected and through occasional sexual intercourse. The risk of contracting the infection is, in these cases, very high. 

Vaccine - There're three types of vaccines, all very secures and effective that are given in inner-muscular way in doses of 1cc. We advise the quick vaccination cycle (SKF vaccine) with three doses (one a month) and a dose a year after. The protection is presented after the first three doses and it has a five years duration with a 100% effectiveness after been completed the cycle. 

Notes - Vaccination practice advisable. 

 

Viral gastroenterohepatitis illness highly contagious and epidemic sometimes mortal that manifests itself with an "urban" form transmitted from infected people to other susceptible ones through mosquitoes and a "wild" form transmitted among primates (simians) and from them to the man always through mosquitoes. 

Vaccine - The vaccination is made in subcutaneous way with a dose of 0.5 cc and the immunity takes place ten days after the infection and it lasts ten years. The effectiveness is of 99%. 

Notes - This vaccination it is at the moment the only one obligatory by international regulation and it is registered in the Certificate of International Vaccination. In order to make the vaccination it is necessary to go exclusively to the Authorized Centers for the Ministry of Sanity and recognized by the W.H.O. 

 

The typhoid fever, paratyphoid, salmonellosis and singuellosis form a group of infectious and contagious illnesses, caused by Salmonella and Singuella bacterias. These are cosmopolitan illnesses with more incidences in the subtropical areas, commonly transmitted by orofecal infection, but also by direct infection (from the sick, convalescent or healthy porters to the receptive individual). 

The typhoid fever is a potentially serious illness and the infection risk is high. 

Vaccine - The vaccine that gives a protection of 90%, can be inoculated or consumed in oral way. We prefer to use this last way because it's more practical and more comfortable. It is given in a buccal way a capsule a day for three alternating days, one hour before dinner. 

The immunity is presented when after fifteen days and it lasts two years. 

Notes - This vaccination is advised, remembering of not forgetting the most rigid hygienic-alimentary norms. 

 

Infectious and contagious illness that is evidenced in the man with a serious and mortal "lung" form and a "bubonic" form of more frequent and less dramatic duration. 

It's produced by a bacillus, the Pasteurella Pestis, and mainly hits the wild rodents of numerous countries of the tropical area with occasional epidemics in the urban domestic rodents. From these focuses the illness is secondarily transmitted to the man by the fleas. 

The travelers should not adopt any specific measure, only those that visit endemic rural areas or areas of epidemic prevalence. 

Vaccine - The antipestilential vaccine is used in inner-muscular way with a first dose of 1cc followed, four weeks later, by a dose of 0.2 cc. After the first two injections a partial immunity is developed at 90% that lasts one-two years. 

Notes - The vaccination doesn't prevent the two illness forms, but it reduces its graveness and duration accelerating the cure. 

 

Other two illnesses for which we are forced to recommend the vaccination are the Tetanus and the Poliomyelitis. 

Cosmopolitans, they should be remembered by the traveler that goes to tropical and subtropical areas because in those areas the risk can be very high.  

 

It is a protection method for the individual health not based on a vaccine (biological vaccine-prophylaxis method), but in a medicine (a chemical substance). Although in emergency situations (epidemics) chymoprophylaxis indications can exist in the case of particular illnesses as the Cholera, Pest and meningococcyx Meningitis, with the chymoprophylaxis term here we speak exclusively of the antimalaria protection action. 

 

The Malaria (illness of the polluted air or of the swamps) it is an infectious illness, not contagious, caused by a blood parasite: the Plasmodium. It is transmitted exclusively through the mosquito bite that was infected sucking the blood of a sick individual. 

 

The antimalaria prevention, tried with a single medicine or in association, doesn't guarantee a protection effective and private of collateral effects. But the tourist should not abandon the medicines consumption, when it's known that malaria represents one of the biggest risks to which are exposed the travelers that visit the tropical areas. 

To prevent the malaria infection we are prepare today with: 

 

Cloroquinine - Active on the four Plasmodium species; however, many stumps of Plasmodi Falciparum have developed a resistance to this molecule. 

 

Proguanile - Active facing the Plasmodium. 

The prevention should begin: with Cloroquinine one week before the departure, with Proguanile one day before the departure. 

The medicines should be taken regularly for the whole period of four weeks. Each interruption of the medicine weekly consumption blocks the protection effect and exposes the traveler to a risk of infection. 

 

Mefloquinine - Due to the strong resistance of some Plasmodium of the malaria to the Cloroquinine and other medicines, we advise the traveler of bring during the trip, some quantity of Mefloquinine, for its strong healing action on the malaria, a lifesaver medicine. 

We are not on favor by the moment on advising the use of the Mefloquinine like the chymoprophylactic. 

Always have in mind the measures that limit the contacts with the vector insect, for instance the use of the anti-mosquitoes net, the repellent substances and the protection of the body-exposed parts at night.